Week four Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week four - Essay Example Nurses are constantly encouraged to seek new knowledge. They also tend to base their practices where patients are concerned about evidence. Nurses also characteristically position themselves to offer direction, information and input concerning decisions that have to do with resource allocation. In hospital environments decisions that are concerned with staffing, salaries, and issues that have to do with the practice environment need to be under the jurisdiction of nurses. This is because in most instances, it is the nurses who use all these resources and facilities on a daily basis and so are more likely to recognize what is required. In addition, medical institutions that esteem diversity are more likely to view the nursing profession with considerable respect. In institutions where nurses are not valued, even though they are responsible for most of the tasks, the nursing staff usually has to labour to create strategic plans that uphold diversity and respect through leadership development (Tagney and Haines, 2009). The perceptions of the significance of nursing as a profession appears to vary across different medical organizations. For example, in medical centers whose aim is to develop cures or vaccines through comprehensive research programmes, nurses tend to feel left out and irrelevant. Moreover, in institutions where all activity is centered around patient care nurses tend to feel empowered, and that ther contributions are

Attitudes towards homosexuality in the long 19th century Essay

Attitudes towards homosexuality in the long 19th century - Essay Example However, one thing that is evident is the fact that modern attitudes towards homosexuality have been a centre stage for battles between religious and legal concepts. Before the eighteenth century, Christianity was seen to be reluctant in dealing with issues of homosexuality. However, incidences of hostility towards homosexuality began to be experienced in many parts of the world. Later, the underpinnings of homosexuality involved incorporation of legal sanctions and religious teachings. The main issue is would seem was the subscription to social norms and homosexuality seen as defiant behaviour which the society feared. According to Clinard and Frank (2011, pp11), norms make crucial contributions to the process of maintaining order. During this time, it is reported that most of the American colonies began to enact severe penalties for sexual crimes. By the end of the 19th century, there emerged competition between law and religion against psychiatry and medicine over sexuality and sp ecifically homosexuality. In this regard, the concept of homosexuality undertook a different turn from being viewed as a sin to being viewed as a crime. This drastic change of the discourse about homosexuality was viewed as progressive since some considerations such as a sick person who committed sexual crime was less blameful than a healthy person. Rationale for advocacy of homosexuality Although medicine and psychiatry insisted on treating homosexuality as pathology, Sigmund Freud, on his basic theory of human sexuality viewed that all human beings were innately bisexual. His argument was that human beings become heterosexual or homosexual in the course of interacting with other people. However, Freud posited that homosexuality should be viewed as a kind of pathology. In fact, in his famous letter to an American mother, he argued that, although homosexuality is no advantage, it should not amount to something to be ashamed of. This, according to Freud was because homosexuality is n ot a vice, does not degrade, and cannot be classified as an illness. With such deliberations, it is apparent that many people viewed sexuality differently. Nevertheless, the articulation of sexuality under the perspective of medicine and psychiatry was based on the idea that persons with homosexuality had pathology concerns that needed to be addressed. With numerous studies conducted on persons with these problems, psychiatrists believed that there was a need to comprehensively come up with a mechanism through which the society could appreciate that these people have a psychological problem that need to be addressed. Many authors such as Clinard and Frank (2011) pointed out that in another dimension they believed that treating persons with sexuality problems like criminals without subjecting them to psychological treatment would increase the problem by creating additional psychological complications. Some of the raised concerns included statistics of persons convicted of committing sexual related crimes, and who later died or developed some mental disorders while still in prison or after being released from prison. Homosexuality has had a long history. The 18th century can be seen as a significant turning point of homosexuality and gay rights. Probably for the first time in the history of man, homosexuality received critical look in a number of ways. Professionals’